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美媒:C4ISR系统成为中国导弹反介入能力关键

2014-05-13 10:02:24   环球网

【环球军事报道】美国《国家利益》网站5月12日文章:中国巡航导弹:隐秘地快速飞行

中国的巡航导弹数量众多、且日益先进,但相比该国的弹道导弹,受到的关注要少得多——但它们对地区安全、威慑力和潜在军事行动的影响可能不相上下。而美国海军对自己的反舰巡航导弹的种类和数量有着严格限制。对这种强大武器的公开分析如此少,着实令人惊讶。实际上,这可能正是吸引中国的部分。

中国军事现代化,着重于打造能打赢“信息化条件下”局部战争的现代化陆海空和导弹部队。这将需要阻止或击败美国的干预。而中国发展反介入能力的关键因素,是研发大量高度精确的反舰巡航导弹和对地攻击巡航导弹,并部署于广泛的陆空海平台。消息人士称,对地攻击巡航导弹可令解放军打击远至关岛和达尔文的目标。与别国一样,中国把反舰巡航导弹视为一种可改变战局的日益有力的手段。北京研发了本土的高性能反舰巡航导弹,同时引入了俄罗斯的超音速反舰巡航导弹。解放军能从陆地、飞机、舰船和潜艇发射反舰巡航导弹——实际上,中国几乎每一艘新的水面舰只和常规动力潜艇都能发射。对美国及其地区伙伴来说,北京日益扩大的巡航导弹武器库和发射平台,对其防御系统构成紧迫挑战。

近年来,随着对巡航导弹作战的愈加重视,中国海军的训练也变得更加多样化和实际。北京改进了反舰巡航导弹的导航,并开始使用卫星。不过,超视距目标定位仍是个难题,中国人正研究如何最好地克服“宙斯盾”防御及对准敌人的软肋。

中国能否充分利用其日益扩大的巡航导弹武库,取决于一些挑战,其中三点特别值得强调。

一,关键是中国能否拥有充分利用反舰巡航导弹的C4ISR系统。北京必须要知道移动目标的位置,并将信息及时地传递给负责发射的部队。二,周密策划一场复杂、多面的空袭和导弹攻击,能否成功取决于人和技术因素——训练有素的军事人员、具有多种方式执行这些任务的多年经验,以及处理复杂的各兵种联合作战的指挥控制系统。北京是否能成功策划此类复杂联合作战,目前不得而知。三,一般认为,信息技术革命加之卫星技术进步,可令远距离精确发射轻易实现。但真正熟练运用,不只是拥有技术那么简单。

中国投入巨资以获取外国导弹技术和本土研发产品。这些努力正结出果实,表现在部署于多种新旧空陆水面舰船和水下平台的日益先进的反舰巡航导弹和对地攻击巡航导弹上。二者大大提高了解放军的作战能力,是北京打造拒止能力(增加美军在中国附近活动的代价和风险)的关键组成。▲(作者丹尼斯·考姆勒等,乔恒译)

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