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专家:菲抓中国渔民试探美国态度 包含九重企图

2014-05-08 16:43:33   人民网

5月6日,菲律宾海警在南沙群岛半月礁附近抓扣一艘我国渔船及船上的11名渔民。经笔者分析,无论从国际背景、行为动机、还是具体手段来看,菲方此行为是经过周密安排的。究其深层原因,共包含九重企图。

一是试探美国的态度。奥巴马访菲期间,美菲达成了进一步“强化”防务关系的共识。目前,美菲“肩并肩”演习正在进行,菲律宾选择在此时挑衅中国,正是希望美国不要把保护盟友的承诺仅仅体现在口头上。

二是为其南海国际仲裁“取证”。目前,菲律宾已将诉讼状提交仲裁法庭,假如法庭做出享有管辖权的决定,此案将进入“取证阶段”。此次菲律宾选择在九段线附近的半月礁对中国渔民动手,完全是为了呼应其诉讼状中攻击中国的几大要素。

三是为强化对其非法占据南沙岛礁的控制。目前菲律宾非法占据了南沙群岛中的马欢岛、费信岛、中业岛、南钥岛、北子岛、西月岛、双黄沙洲和司令礁8个岛礁。为了转移中国注意力,防止中国收礁夺岛,菲律宾一再试图将争议区域扩大化,并不断强化在该8岛的军事部署。根据最新披露的 “南海防御计划”,菲将在中业岛立即部署两艘巡逻船和两架海上侦察机;派一艘巡逻船常驻马欢岛,另一艘常驻司令礁;组建陆战旅规模的“卡拉延群岛特遣队”;立即修复中业岛上的机场,增建可容纳海、空军船只和飞机的码头设施等。

四是宣示其对半月礁的非法主张。半月礁是中国固有领土,中国南海渔民将其称为“海公”,乃鲸鱼之意。这代表着此处海域是中国渔民的“祖宗海”,中国享有半月礁主权无疑。但是,菲律宾一直垂涎于半月礁丰富的渔业资源和天然的避风条件,此次在该礁附近抓扣中国渔民,正是其领土野心的再次显露。

五是为抹黑中国渔民的形象。中国渔民常年在海疆第一线开展捕捞作业,是宣示中国南海权益的生力军,其渔船亦能起到“流动国土”的作用。为了抹黑中国渔民形象,菲律宾多年来对中国南海渔民进行诸如“捕杀海龟”、“破坏珊瑚”等栽赃陷害。殊不知,菲律宾渔民常年在南沙岛礁毒鱼、炸鱼,破坏珊瑚礁生态系统,更有甚者,部分菲律宾渔民甚至以海龟肉为口粮,其绿色的排泄物就是罪证。

六是推动南海问题国际化。菲律宾一直试图推动南海问题国际化,一方面拉拢南海其他声索国共同对抗中国,另一方面拉拢域外大国介入南海争端。此次菲方希望通过炒作渔业问题再度将南海争端抛给上述国家,以期在南海周边区域保持“争议状态”。

七是为了打造“菲记南海行为准则”。目前中国与东盟国家已经就南海行为准则(COC)的制定达成共识,即全面落实《南海各方行为宣言》之后再制定准则。菲律宾此次行动正是对《南海各方行为宣言》规定的不采取扩大化行为这一条款的公然挑衅,其目的在于破坏南海行为准则的正常制定进程,在该过程中掺杂私货。

八是满足菲国内渔民要求。自2012年黄岩岛对峙事件之后,菲律宾国内渔民特别是西部沿海渔民一直向菲政府提出“重返”南沙海域的要求。为此,在菲政府鼓动下,数十个松散的渔民团体联合成立了协会性组织,借此实现“渔民海上互助”。此次菲海警在半月礁的行动正是对其渔民的一次“安全承诺”。

九是满足执政者自身利益。综观菲律宾国内形势,经济持续疲软、贪腐现象未得到有效抑制,现政府支持率随时面临大幅下滑的风险。为了应对这一局面,菲执政者走上了一条恶意挑动国内极端民族情绪的邪路,而在这一过程中,“中国海洋威胁”正是其绝佳的备选项。(作者系中国社会科学院海疆问题专家王晓鹏)

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