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马来学者:联合国法庭或无权受理菲状告中国诉求

2014-04-01 11:26:56   环球网

【环球军事报道】据马来西亚《新海峡时报》3月29日报道,原题:《菲律宾可能敲错了门——联合国仲裁法庭或无权受理菲律宾诉求》,作者:国际知名海洋问题专家哈姆扎。

文章说,位于海牙的联合国仲裁法庭让菲律宾在2014年3月30日之前提交中菲领土争端案的证据。菲律宾向法庭提出了13点请求,其中一点就是请求法庭要求中国的国内法必须和《联合国海洋法公约》(下文简称《公约》)这部多边条约保持一致。

文章称,中国和菲律宾都是《公约》的缔约国。在向仲裁法庭提出诉求的过程中,菲律宾做了一件不合常规的事,即它假定法庭对其诉求有管辖权,而根据惯例,法庭对一个案件是否有管辖权,应该由法庭决定,而非由当事方决定。

中国先后于2013年2月和8月通知菲律宾和仲裁法庭,中国既不应诉,也不接受仲裁决定。

文章说,事实上,早在2006年,中国就根据《公约》第298条发表了排除性声明,指出对于《公约》第298条第1款(a)、(b)和(c)项所述的任何争端,中国不接受《公约》第15部分第2节规定的任何国际司法或仲裁管辖,而且中国将这一点通知了联合国。

文章称,中国非常自信地认为法庭对该案缺少管辖权,因为该案涉及主权问题,而主权问题不在法庭考虑范围之内。

菲律宾向法庭提出了三点有争议的请求:宣布中国在南中国海的海洋权利必须只能以《公约》为基础;宣布中国的“九段线”主张违反《公约》,是无效的;宣布中国应停止“这些非法活动”。

文章表示,很多人都发现,菲律宾诉求中的一大软肋在于,它宣称中国只能根据《公约》来主张权利,却没有提到《国际法院规约》第38条的规定。

《公约》不处理主权问题。此外,中国划“九段线”时还没有《公约》。

文章认为,菲律宾上述照会和诉状内容太宽泛,向法庭提出的请求太模糊。无论菲律宾如何回避主权问题,其在“九段线”内攫取某些岛礁主权与管辖权的意图是非常明显的。

一位国际法权威说:“菲律宾提出的13点请求,既不在《公约》的适用范围内,又不在仲裁法庭的管辖权范围内,仲裁法庭无权处理。”

中国不出庭,也不承认法庭关于主权事务的审理与裁决。未经一国同意,不得让其参与国际仲裁或到庭,这在国际法上是一种既定的、根本的准则。尽管如此,文章称,法庭的裁决还是备受关注的。

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