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美媒:关于中国红旗-19反导系统的推测全都错了

2014-02-10 09:16:35   环球网

图片为网上流传的红旗-19导弹试射图片

近日,美国《环球防务》网站刊文《红旗-19反导拦截弹》,根据公开信息推测中国反导拦截导弹红旗-19的细节,其与美国THAAD反导拦截弹性能类似,并分析认为这种导弹可能就是2010年和2013年中国两次陆基中段反导试验的主角。而不久前,一张出现在中国网络上的红旗-19导弹试射的模糊图片可能说明:此前关于这种导弹的推测错了,这种导弹的性能可能更类似美国尚在研制中的“增程型THAAD”或“标准3”导弹,具备对大气层内外目标实施拦截的能力。红旗-19的曝光再一次让人类聚焦中国庞大复杂切雄心勃勃的反导武库发展计划。

国外媒体认为,中国发展中段反导技术主要是基于国土安全考虑,并不涉及核战略平衡问题。众所周知,我国奉行积极防御的国防战略,因此我国的反导技术应当优先解决战术反导问题,而不是战略反导问题。战术反导与战略反导有很大不同,前者是基于国土安全的考虑,后者则涉及复杂的大国核战略问题,我国发展中段反导技术主要是基于保护国土安全,并不涉及核战略平衡问题,不会破坏中、美、俄三国之间的核平衡,因此本质上是符合我国防御战略的武器。中国在上世界60年代就曾经进行过代号640工程的导弹拦截系统研究,到上世纪90年代末开始跟踪美国的导弹防御系统技术,本世纪初开始预研多个相关关键技术。自2005年之后开始立项研制多型号反导拦截弹。

外国媒体猜测中国的弹道导弹防御系统包括6种导弹,即红旗-9B、红旗-19(类似THAAD)、红旗-26(类似陆基标准3)、红旗-29(类似爱国者3)、动能-1(DN-1)和动能-2(DN-2 相当于美军的GMD)。这六种导弹分别构建了三层导弹防御网,第一层为中段拦截层,主要通过动能系列导弹来完成大气层外的导弹拦截任务,是中国构建反导系统的核心关键。第二层为大气层内外和大气层边缘的拦截层,主要依靠红旗-19和红旗-26导弹进行拦截。第三层为末段拦截层,主要通过红旗-9B和红旗-29等导弹进行末段拦截。

中国于2010年01月11日在境内进行了一次动能-1(DN-1)型导弹的陆基中段反导拦截技术试验,成功在大气层外击毁来袭弹道导弹,自此中国成为继美国,俄罗斯之后世界上第三个掌握陆基中段反弹道导弹技术的国家,此后,有连续进行了多次中段反导拦截系统试验。2013年1月27日,中国在境内再次进行了陆基中段反导拦截技术试验,试验达到了预期目的。这是中国第二次进行陆基中段反导拦截试验,分析人士认为,此举显示我国已初步掌握了反弹道导弹技术。一些西方媒体甚至夸大其词认为,中国已经成为继美国、俄罗斯、以色列之后第四个具备中段反导拦截能力的国家。动能-1和此后研制的动能-2导弹代表了中国反导拦截技术的最高水平,这个系列的导弹大致类似于美军的GMD系统,通过分析国内公开刊物的消息,中国的动能-1动能拦截弹为两级火箭构成,一级火箭为固体燃料火箭,二级火箭为液体燃料火箭,用于修正姿态,导弹的尾部可能有一组栅格导流片,用于控制飞行轨迹,其性能应该接近美军的GMD,但缺乏有效的预警雷达支持,目前仍在测试阶段。

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