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美国《侨报》:中国对日舆论战要“快狠准”

2014-01-15 15:18:33   环球网

美国《侨报》1月14日文章,原题:中国对日舆论战要“快、狠、准”

自去年年底日本首相安倍晋三参拜靖国神社以来,中国的外交系统展现了不同于以往的凌厉攻势。继中国驻日大使程永华在日媒发文打响批驳安倍的头炮后,据不完全统计,在不到半个月的时间里,至少有43名驻外使节在驻在国当地知名刊物上发表署名文章,谴责安倍。以这样的频率和阵势,在国际媒体上抢占舆论制高点,在中国外交史上都非常罕见,中国驻外大使们成为这场舆论战的主力军。

长期以来,中国政府在面对日本就钓鱼岛问题、靖国神社问题发难时,虽能做出回击,但往往要慢上半拍,是被动式的反应。外交部等大多以“抗议”这一官式反应表达不满,反而引起国民对政府“软弱”的不满,更让日本有恃无恐,丝毫不理会中国的抗议。因此,站在华人的立场及维护世界正义和平的立场,本报坚定反对安倍的种种所作所为,对中国此次开足马力快速出击,在舆论上抢占上风向,自然也应不吝赞赏。

在这次舆论战中,中方采取了全新的战术,占据了主动。中国驻英大使刘晓明发表“军国主义是伏地魔”的言论,用西方人听得懂的方式表达中国立场,日本此后紧紧咬住“伏地魔”不放,显示出中国在已经逐渐居于优势地位。而安倍只要还在台上,其对华强硬立场不改弦更张,中日对抗就不可避免要持续,对日舆论战也必将是一场持久战。为了保持住前期优势,打赢长久舆论战,中国有必要再加把力,以“快、狠、准”的姿态全面布局。

快,不仅仅是要反应快速,更要动作超前。有分析称,日本国家机器的舆论战能力很强,话语体系跟西方更靠近,更容易被西方接受。事实也基本如此。所谓恶人先告状,在以往的中日冲突中,日本都将自己描绘成同威胁世界和平的霸权主义作斗争,企图博取西方主流舆论的同情。加上中国宣传机器长期以来的僵化运行,导致日本的积极运作往往对西方国家领导人及民众造成先入为主的印象。因此,中国可以说刚起跑就输了一大截,必须要大步快跑才行,单靠外交部的几场新闻发布会远远不够。

狠,不是给人恶狠狠的感觉,而是有理有力,不在概念上打转,不做人身攻击,要紧紧抓住安倍的历史观不放。目前,中日关系的死结,一是领土主权纠纷,二是历史问题。前者,国际社会为避免得罪任意一方,对此问题尽量不选边站,美国虽然袒护日本但也刻意保持模糊。但各国对战争罪行的看法基本是一致的。因此,有必要在历史问题上集中发力,让西方人知道,日本首相参拜的是同希特勒一样的罪人。尤其是作为二战的另一个主战场,欧洲对于侵略历史感同身受,因此让欧洲了解日本的错误,争取欧洲的舆论支持至关重要。

准,就是要通过多种形式将中国声音精准传达到国际社会。“快”和“狠”是态度,是意志,要想收效还得有可行办法。比如,拍摄各类中美合作抗击日军的电视、电影等,多举办相关纪念活动,勾起美国人民对日本战争罪行的回忆;充分利用新兴的互联网媒体和广大海外华文媒体;做西方主流媒体和政客的游说工作等。如何运用技巧、如何拿捏得当,让国际社会平静接受而不是适得其反,会是决定这场中日国际舆论战赢家的关键所在。

有种观点认为,并非独自认为的“正义”在国际社会上就是正义,多数国家认可的“正义”才叫正义。这固然有失偏颇,但却反映了国际间弱肉强食的基本事实。钓鱼岛争端爆发以来,日本一直投入大规模资源进行国际公关,面对日本的宣传攻势,中国不能无动于衷应针锋相对开展立体宣传攻势,加强在国际上发声。否则,任凭日本在国际社会颠倒黑白,“谎话说一百遍就成真”也不是没有可能。中国人一向讲究名正言顺,一旦在舆论上落了下风,即便有硬实力也将在接下来的行动中失去正当性。对日舆论斗争任重道远。

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