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美专家:日美同盟让美国在钓鱼岛问题没法中立

2014-01-14 11:27:36   环球网

美国《福布斯》双周刊网站1月12日发表了题为《以怀疑的态度看待美中日关系:与梅尔·格托夫博士的问答》的署名文章,作者斯蒂芬·哈纳就中美关系与亚太局势等问题专访了格托夫博士。梅尔·格托夫博士曾担任过兰德公司研究员,后来成为加利福尼亚大学政治学教授。他还是波特兰大学荣誉退休教授和《亚洲展望》杂志主编,撰写了20多本关于亚洲和美国外交政策的著作。

关于如何评价奥巴马政府出于美国的利益将“重点”转向亚洲的政策或“再平衡”战略的问题,格托夫博士认为,尽管这一政策可能让菲律宾这样的美国盟友消除安全疑虑,但它是以牺牲与中国建立建设性伙伴关系的更大(在格托夫博士看来)利益为代价的。实际上,美国在亚洲的军事实力已经完胜中国,中国根本无法企及。为何还要为中国加快军事现代化争论不休,同时削弱美国对中国在朝鲜、伊朗和气候变化问题上提供支持的呼吁呢?

对于美日同盟与美中建设“新型大国关系”是否相容的问题,格托夫博士指出,中日关系正处于危险的低点,可以说比2005年还要糟糕,因为很有可能爆发海上冲突。美国在领土问题上的立场几乎不可能保持中立,因为受到安保同盟的限制。多年来,美国一直迫使日本在亚洲承担更多的安全重担。现在,日本出现了一位民族主义领导人,他承诺要修改宪法,并建立更大规模、更积极的军事力量,美日同盟呈现出明确的反华面貌,这显然与“新型”美中关系不相容。日本首相安倍晋三可能嘴上说要与中国接触,但东京发出的所有信号都是不接触。安倍的立场还恶化了日本与韩国的关系,进一步破坏了地区稳定,扰乱了美国的“重点”转向亚洲策略。

格托夫博士还认为,领土问题深陷于中日关系全面消极的状态中。无法想像在整体关系优先改善之前能解决——或者更可能的是搁置这个问题。那可能意味着举行峰会。如果安倍想要让北京相信外交手段是有价值的,那他必须停止挑战日本军事扩张的极限。否则,可能会发生交火,并且很有可能升级。一旦双方减少敌对言论,开始进行外交接触,那就有可能通过制订防止在钓鱼岛发动军事行动的行为准则,或者通过共享那里的资源来解决领土问题。

格托夫博士指出,长期以来,他一直认为,日本对亚洲和世界最重要的贡献在于成为一个“全球性民生大国”,这是日本外交学者船桥洋一20世纪90年代初提出的概念。这意味着日本可以利用技术和经济实力在第三世界发展援助计划,成为领导者。日本还可以在联合国维和行动、救灾任务和建立东北亚安全对话机制中发挥更大作用。最后,日本必须采取前首相小渊惠三10多年前提出的重点改善与韩国和中国关系的睦邻政策。对美国来说,日本的这些新行动可能令人难以接受,因为它将最终导致美国在日本的军事存在逐步缩小,对日本的安全职责变得更加薄弱。但对于一个更加平静的亚洲来说,这只是一个小小的代价,尤其是考虑到中国对日本的看法以及中美关系。

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