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赫鲁晓夫“皮鞋敲桌子事件”的各个版本(图)

2018-03-22 11:47:42   

1894年4月17日,前苏共总书记赫鲁晓夫诞生在乌克兰东部顿巴斯一个贫穷的矿工家庭。1954年-1964年,他当政的10年给苏联历史留下了深深的印记。“皮鞋事件”至今还令人津津乐道,然而关于它的历史却一直存在着各种不同的“版本”。

赫鲁晓夫敲鞋

1960年9月,联合国第十五届会议在纽约召开。苏联代表团由当时的部长会议主席赫鲁晓夫率领。根据赫鲁晓夫的女婿阿朱别伊在回忆录《那十年》中的描述,“皮鞋事件”起因如下:

当时,在苏联代表团参加联合国大会时,西方国家代表团却提出“匈牙利问题”。众所周知,1956年,以苏联为首的“华沙条约组织”国家武装镇压了匈牙利“人民起义”。苏联驻联合国使团预见到西方会上将有所动作,于是事先向赫鲁晓夫报告了会议的议事日程,并建议一旦西方提出“匈牙利问题”,就应当退出会场以示抗议。赫氏这时似乎没明白别人对他说了什么。经过解释之后,他仍感到惊奇地问:“当有人辱骂我们的时候,我们能退场吗?”

那天,当会议主席宣布讨论“匈牙利问题”时,苏联代表团并未退场。这时,代表席上响起一阵惊奇的窃窃私语声。于是就发生了著名的“皮鞋事件”。赫鲁晓夫之后不断地(根据程序规则和规定)提出质问,要求作出解释和说明,他还要求发言者出示代表团团员资格证书等。实际上已无法讨论“匈牙利问题”了。很明显,这次讨论因为受“更大声音”的干扰而告吹。苏联代表团所有团员都群情激奋地敲打着面前的桌子,一些代表团也都以此方式声援苏联代表团。刚巧,手表从赫鲁晓夫的手上滑了下来,他开始在桌子下面找表,但他的肚子妨碍他弯腰。于是他骂起人来,并脱掉皮靴,用它敲击桌面。这便是“皮鞋事件”的第一个“版本”。

然而根据赫鲁晓夫本人的回忆录《最后的遗言》中的描述,事件的起因并非是“匈牙利问题”,而是“西班牙问题”。他在回忆录中写道:在苏联代表团离开莫斯科时,当时客居在苏联的西共总书记多洛雷斯伊巴露丽请苏联同志在联大上寻找机会,丢一丢佛朗哥政权的脸。

《最后的遗言》接着写道:“在西班牙问题上,一个更为严重的问题发生了。当大会开幕指定席位时,苏联代表团恰好被安排在西班牙代表团后面。在前几天的会议上,苏联代表团还未完成伊巴露丽交给的任务。我这时在考虑该如何又能完成任务,同时又不失礼。”

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