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康有为的另一面:招摇撞骗,伪造谕旨

2018-05-14 11:48:25   

近代史上的大名人康有为,从小天资聪颖,学识过人,加上出身官宦世家,养出了一身傲气,自视甚高。

其父过世后,母亲对他期望颇高,但是他在乡试中却屡次败北,深受刺激,使得他在思想行为上与当时的社会格格不入。求学期间,甚至抨击过大思想家韩愈,这在当时可谓惊世之举。

在对待传统伦理上,康有为时常语出惊人。康认为一个女子可以有多个性伙伴,允许男子在医嘱下与孕妇发生性关系。在受到时人批评之后,便辩称这是讲求男女平等。

康有为

颇为讽刺的是,康有为可以考证的妻妾便有六位:大夫人张云珠二姨太梁随觉(娶时17岁),三姨太何旗理(美国华侨、娶时17岁),四姨太市冈鹤子(日本女仆、娶时17岁),五姨太廖定微,六姨太张光(娶时19岁),而那时的康有为已五十有余。

难怪康门子弟会说,“他每天戒杀生,而日日食肉;每天谈一夫一妇,而自己却因无子而娶妾;每天讲男女平等,而其本家之女子未尝独立;每天说人类平等,而自己却用男仆女奴。”

在经历多次的科举失败之后,1893年,时年35岁的康有为终于中举,但成绩被归为二等,他对此并不满意。

康有为和梁启超合影

晚清学者梁鼎芬曾讥讽道,“康有为既中进士,欲得状元,日求户部左侍郎张荫桓为之遍送关节于阅卷大臣”,“不得状元,尚欲得翰林,又托张荫桓送关节于阅卷大臣礼部右侍郎李公文田”,但都被婉拒。

时任吏部主事的叶德辉也披露说,康有为为了让自己的考卷被列为高等,到处找关系,后被李约农侍郎严词拒绝,故他后来经常侮辱李约农,李约农则将康有为到处请托之事遍告于人,康有为一时陷入难堪之境。

康有为在国外

康有为在第二次给清帝上书中大段抨击科举制度,这就与他多次参加科举考试,热心做官,追求功名利禄的行为相悖。

据梁鼎芬回忆,康有为好捏造谕旨,1897年胶州湾事变初起,康有为创言愿入外国弭兵会,以保海口,其事已极可笑。康有为发电报至粤、至湘、至沪,说已奉旨加五品卿衔,前往西洋各国入弭兵会,闻者骇异,其实并无此事。叶德辉也曾听闻过此事,认为康有为是“招摇撞骗”,并就此询问了梁启超,而梁启超则“言之扭泥”。

康有为手迹

康有为是戊戌维新运动的主要领导者之一,尽管其品性虚夸矛盾、言行不一、执拗刚毅、自信自得,对戊戌变法的实施过程有所影响,但却不能将变法失败的责任完全归咎于他。金无足赤,人无完人。其据乱世、升平世、太平世的大同理想,倡导变法、敢为人先的家国情怀依然值得我们敬服。

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