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寄人篱下艰难度日:陈独秀晚年在江津的生活

2018-03-22 11:57:18   

20世纪初,陈独秀高举中国新文化运动大旗,热情宣传马克思主义,同李大钊等缔造了中国共产党,掀开了中国历史的新纪元。晚年,他从国民党监狱里出来,漂泊到四川省江津县(今重庆市),在乡间鹤山坪石墙院,度过了生命的最后4年。

一、破帽遮颜过重庆

1938年7月2日黄昏时分,一艘逆水而行的客轮徐徐驶抵重庆朝天门码头。体态清瘦,身着洗得发白蓝布长衫的陈独秀,由妻子潘兰珍搀扶着步履蹒跚地随人流来到江岸。他先期抵渝的儿子陈松年迎上来,取过行李,领着他们来到禁烟办事处李仲公寓所。

陈独秀对新闻记者采访和社会名流约见,一律回绝。可是,张恨水等安庆老乡专为他举办的接风洗尘宴会,不得不入席。

几天后,北大时的老朋友沈尹默寻迹登门畅谈离别之情,相见之欢。别时劝道:“到山中歇息吧。”陈独秀说:“已是这样打算,几年的监狱生活落下一身病……”沈尹默赠诗中有“时乖遂入市,曲尽宜归山”句,陈独秀领悟其意,接受老朋友忠言。

邓仲纯得悉陈独秀已来重庆,多方寻访,在上石板街15号见到陈独秀。老友重逢,欣喜若狂。邓仲纯原名邓初,与陈独秀是同乡、同留学日本、同在北大共事、同参加革命活动。两人从青年谈到壮年、老年,从个人谈到家庭、事业……各有成功失败、酸甜苦辣。最后,邓仲纯诚恳、热情地邀请陈独秀夫妇:“到我那儿去住吧,乡间比城市好!”

陈独秀在交谈中了解到江津比重庆凉爽、日机空袭少、生活费用便宜,加上邓仲纯是医生,便与家人商量,都同意去江津居住。

二、邓宅门前遇故知

8月2日早晨,陈独秀和潘兰珍在陈松年陪伴下,登上了由重庆去江津的小客轮。

粗心的陈独秀在重庆动身前未向邓仲纯捎个信;大意的邓仲纯邀请陈独秀夫妇来家住这样的“大事”,竟没有取得太太的同意。陈独秀一行人来到邓宅门前,不巧,邓仲纯出诊乡下。邓太太随丈夫在北大时是认识陈独秀的,也略知今天的陈独秀是“危险”人物。她在门缝里瞧见这老夫少妻,心生厌恶,嘱佣人:“我不会客,不要开门!”

在大太阳底下汗流浃背、唇焦舌燥的陈独秀夫妇久等不见门开,很不是滋味,进退维谷。

闻陈独秀遭邓夫人冷落的浙江桐城人方孝远赶来,打破了这难堪的局面。他热情地握住陈独秀的手恳切地说:“仲纯这里是医院,来往病人频繁,恐不宜先生休息。如不嫌弃,请到我那儿去住。”他乡遇知己的陈独秀泪水和着汗水往下淌,战战抖抖地感谢老乡的盛情。街坊们上来提的提、扛的扛、簇拥着陈独秀夫妇和方孝远从邓宅向方宅走去。

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