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开国上将刘亚楼险些被苏军枪决 凭一个要求救命

2017-12-08 15:29:57   

刘亚楼,红军时期历任红一军团第二师政委、第一师师长。1938年赴苏联伏龙芝军事学院学习。解放战争时期,任东北野战军参谋长。新中国成立后任空军司令员。1955年被授予上将军衔。然而大多数人只知道他如何在东北战场运筹帷幄,却不知道他在苏联时的经历。

林彪(右)、刘亚楼(左)在作战前线。资料图.jpg

林彪(右)、刘亚楼(左)在作战前线

因一个建议受到苏高层赏识

1941年春,德军在开始加紧完成入侵苏联的“巴巴罗萨”计划。这期间,正在苏联伏龙芝军事学院学习的刘亚楼和林彪,参加了讨论德军进攻莫斯科的主攻方向问题。苏军最高统帅部当时认为希特勒进攻莫斯科的路线,必定沿着南部乌克兰和顿涅茨河流域东进,以占领经济作物地区,掠夺乌克兰的粮食、顿涅茨河流域的煤矿、高加索的石油,借此切断苏联的经济命脉。

刘亚楼却认为,乌克兰、顿涅茨河流域这样一个农田、水网遍布,土质松软的地区,不适合机械化部队推进,而白俄罗斯的土壤坚固,至莫斯科距离最短,适合德军的摩托化部队的展开,应该是德军主攻方向。刘亚楼的分析和看法得到林彪的认同,并通过第三国际传给苏军统帅部,但被束之高阁。

后来的事实证明了刘亚楼的观点,德军果然从白俄罗斯方向进攻,苏军因判断失误等原因而猝不及防,前线败绩纷呈。从此,这个看上去不起眼的中国将军在苏军上层挂上了号。这段经历也加深了当时也在苏联的林彪对刘亚楼的了解,他认为刘亚楼不仅可做军政主官,还可做一名出色的参谋长,解放东北时,刘成了林彪的参谋长。

多次谢绝入籍苏联的邀请

1942年夏天开始的斯大林格勒会战,刘亚楼以“萨莎少校”的假名参加了这次残酷的交战,严寒很快降临,刘亚楼向苏军指挥部建议:德军没有过冬准备,冻死冻伤不少,为利用冬季大规模聚歼德军装甲机械化部队,苏军必须发挥适应严寒作战、具有快速机动作战能力的各兵种优势。首先出动战机掌握制空权,掩护轰炸机扫平地面进攻的障碍,而后以装甲部队为先导,以西伯利亚骑兵和高加索滑雪部队快速跟进,实施陆、空协同作战。接下来的几次战斗,证明了这种战法的切实可行。苏军高层对他刮目相看,多次动员他加入苏联国籍,但都被刘亚楼谢绝了。

险因一场误会而被枪毙

1945年8月,苏联红军150万人对日本关东军发起攻击。刘亚楼参加了苏军行动。

一天,苏军司令部参谋长通知刘亚楼:我空军部队轰炸“407高地”的时间定为6时50分,地面部队据此相机进入,依命令通知各有关部队。刘亚楼拿起电话要通了空军及地面有关部队司令部,传达了命令的内容并记下了对方接听电话的值班参谋姓名。7点钟,刘亚楼下班回住处,突然被几名苏军士兵强行扭送到禁闭室关押,并声称要将他就地枪决!

刘亚楼急忙问怎么回事。原来,苏军地面进攻部队于6时40分提前占领了“407高地”,空军轰炸机6时50分准时将一颗颗炸弹倾泻在高地上。地面部队被自己人炸死很多。苏军上层严查了此事,一查,当天值班参谋正好是王松(刘亚楼化名)。

得知此事,刘亚楼要求给中共中央毛主席写一封遗书,并希望苏军交给中共,苏军同意了刘亚楼的请求,死刑得以延缓一天。刘亚楼刚写完信之后,苏军突然宣布王松少校无罪释放,恢复原职。原来,经过核实,在报务员记录上找到了王松少校传达口令的内容和时间,王松少校对此事件不用负责。而对方那位接听电话的值班参谋因失职被执行了枪毙,这场误会差点让我军折损一员上将。(摘编自《新闻午报》)

文章摘自《快乐老人报》2011年1月6日作者:佚名原题为《开国上将刘亚楼曾险遭苏军枪决》

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