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纳博科夫的蝴蝶,普希金的画

2016-06-26 12:19:11   

书店巡按

近来最喜欢的一本书,非《纳博科夫的蝴蝶》(上海交通大学出版社2016年版)莫属。北京大学的刘华杰先生给此书写了一篇相当详尽的评介文章,其中一句话令我不禁微笑:“‘纳粉’们对纳博科夫的几乎任何事情都有兴致。”事实的确就是如此。“假如你吃了个鸡蛋,觉得不错,何必要认识那下蛋的母鸡呢?”不过是作家即兴发挥的避世遁词,兼有几分英国式文人的急智与世故。大多数情况下,读者是既要吃鸡蛋,也要认识母鸡的,甚而至于连鸡群、鸡舍……都不惜刨根问底,务求有全面、深入的了解。被诸多张迷奉为座右铭的胡兰成名言“世上但凡有一句话,一件事,是关于张爱玲的,便皆成为好”,正能体现这一心态。

我对纳博科夫远未到如此痴迷的程度,自是不敢以“纳粉”自居,但他关于鳞翅目昆虫的研究,确是我所感兴趣的。此前读有关纳氏的著作,无论是《固执己见:纳博科夫访谈录》,还是被刘先生誉为“用工最多”的纳氏学者布赖恩·博伊德那部“几乎推动了一个‘纳氏产业’”的《纳博科夫传》(中译本分为“俄罗斯时期”与“美国时期”,各有上下两册,部头过大,通读实在吃力,只能挑着读),我关注的,始终都是“纳博科夫的蝴蝶”。现在终于有人将这个题目写成一部专书,真是令人再高兴不过了。纳博科夫本人是横跨几个领域的通才,此书作者库尔特·约翰逊不仅是昆虫学家(他所擅长的恰恰就是蝴蝶研究,以之蜚声科学界),对人文领域如比较宗教学等也有研究,也可谓通才。通才写通才,而且又“专业对口”,这样的书往往最有看头。

既然说到纳博科夫,上海译文出版社的“纳博科夫作品系列”最近又添一部“新作”:《看,那些小丑!》(上海译文出版社2016年版)。老实说,故事本身是否具有吸引力,已经不再重要。重要的,是故事之外的东西。熟悉纳氏的读者,从中不难读出其人其作的影子,甚至可以将小说中不同情节还原为《黑暗中的笑声》《普宁》《洛丽塔》等——某种程度上,此书是可以视作《说吧,记忆》的小说版的,就连主人公的身份都和纳氏惊人地相似:一位著名的俄裔美国作家。不过,小说中的内容究竟有几分属实、几分虚构呢?小说家的狡黠,此时就凸显出来了。正所谓“假作真时真亦假,无为有处有还无”,小说有趣之处恰在于惹人遐想、勾人索隐的自传性,只是,如果较真起来,试图逐一坐实的话,那就不免如古人所讥,“死在句下”了。纳博科夫真不愧是一位对自己的智力高度自负的作家,这分明就是一场由他发起的猫鼠游戏嘛。

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