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劳动节缺了点什么?学者:劳动价值论常被忽视

2017-04-30 12:01:03   北京晨报

李兴国 国家行政学院教授。

劳动节将至,人们为假期欢欣的时候,总有人会觉得少了点儿什么?吃饭、会友、休闲……节日的意义不仅在现实的娱乐之中,这个以“劳动”为名的节日,我们究竟缺了点儿什么?

曾几何时,劳动者曾经是文艺作品中的宠儿,《渔光曲》、《桥》、《护士日记》、《老兵新传》、《我们村里的年轻人》、《创业》、《青松岭》、《鸿雁》、《今天我休息》……工人、农民、渔民、护士、医生、教师都曾经成为文艺作品中的主角。然而在今天,劳动者的作品似乎越来越少了。著名学者、国家行政学院教授李兴国说:“社会主义市场经济之下,上层建筑仍旧处在探索的阶段,价值混乱的现象难免出现,资本价值论、血统价值论横行,而劳动价值论却常常被人们所忽视。”

文艺背后是价值

文艺是时代风貌的体现,而我们究竟处在什么样的时代呢?李兴国说:“不同的时代,不同的社会形态之下,流行的价值论也不一样,西方市场经济时代是资本价值论,传统的封建社会,流行的是血统价值论,而社会主义社会,基础是劳动价值论。”

然而,社会大转型的时代,价值观本身也处在转型和重建的过程中,李兴国说:“我们的市场经济,在全球化时代,要向世界经济并轨,就不得不承认,资本也在参与价值的分配。甚至有时候,资本的示范更加明显,索罗斯一次操作,就可以赚1亿英镑,但普通劳动者怎样才能赚到这么多!”

资本的示范带来的观念的扭曲,李兴国说:“转型时代,价值处在混乱之中。我看微信,有很多讨论贫富的文章,一个流行的观点是,富者之所以富,是因为他们勤劳、聪明、正直等,贫者之所以贫,因为他们懒惰、愚笨、不思上进等。这种观点还可以往前延伸,许多人崇拜欧洲的贵族,认为贵族英勇、无私、打仗在前,享乐在后,平民懒惰、懦弱、自私、贪图小利。真的是这样吗?没人讨论,贵族之所以是贵族,最重要的条件是世袭,是血统的体现,一生下来就是贵族,不是英勇正直才变成贵族的。所以资产阶级革命也提出天赋人权,人生而自由平等,没有贵族,也不应该向他们交税。要废除贵族世袭制度,为什么我们反而要崇拜呢?”

奋斗的价值错位

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